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Forced CriminalityArchive 2008–2016

Forced Criminality in Aflao Ghana (2005)

A forced criminality case from 2005 in Aflao Ghana, Togo.

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Documented on the original SlaveryMap (2008–2016). We don’t have a verifiable source on file yet. Know one?

What happened

The practice of ritual or customary servitude was outlawed in Ghana in 1998, but the practical implementation of the law has fallen largely to NGO's who have facilitated the shrines in ending the practice. The NGO Every Child Ministries Ghana and negotiated with the Sovigbenor shrine and educated them as to the issues over a span of over a year, finally winning the approval of the shrine for the liberation of all 126 of its trokosi slaves on December 9, 2005. The liberation was a public event in which the shrine freed the slaves and agreed to end the practice of ritual servitude in that place. In this case a 37 year old woman was liberated who had been born in bondage to a trokosi. The practice of replacement demands that if a trokosi slave dies or runs away, she must be replaced by another girl from her family, so this child replaced her mother upon her death. Her story came out in the course of the liberation process. She was one of 126 women liberated from the Sovigbenor shrine.

Response and intervention

CHRAJ (Commission on Human Rights & Administrative Justice) cooperated in the liberation and spoke against the practice of trokosi at the liberation ceremony. No shrine community has yet been prosecuted in Ghana under the 1998 law, law enforcement officers preferring to let shrines reach agreements with NGO's to end the practice. This method of operation meets with greater support and less resistance from the traditional community. The 126 victims were emancipated in a public and culturally appropriate ceremony. They received certificates of liberation and received immediate and ongoing counseling and aid in starting small business, as well as direct aid such as clothing and blankets as needed. Every Child Ministries (ECM) Ghana One of the main focus points of Every Child Ministries is an anti-slavery/anti-trafficking initiative on behalf of African children. The organization has conducted extensive research into the issue of ritual servitude and follows all the shrines of the area that still hold trokosi slaves. This liberation was one of the fruits of that initiative.

Nearby cases

All 12 in Togo →
Sex Trafficking2008

Aflao, Ghana, Togo, 2008

Togo TG

The practice of ritual or customary servitude was outlawed in Ghana in 1998, but no one has ever been prosecuted under the law. Rather, the practical implementation of the law has fallen largely to NGO's who have facilitated the shrines in ending the practice. The NGO Every Child Ministries Ghana negotiated with the Sovigbenor shrine community and educated them as to the issues over a span of over a year, finally winning the approval of the shrine for the liberation of all 126 of its trokosi slaves on December 9, 2005. The liberation was a public event in which the shrine freed the slaves and agreed to end the practice of ritual servitude in that place. In this case a 79 year old woman was liberated who had been enslaved there since she was about one year old.

1 sourceArchive 2008–2016
Forced Criminality2010

Aflao, Ghana, Togo, 2010

Togo TG

The priest volunteered to free his shrine servants with the collaboration of Every Child Ministries after he became a Christian. The victim in this case was a 55 year old woman who was taken into the shrine "very young" by her father, but never knew the reason. Because of this she was never able to attend school.

Needs a sourceArchive 2008–2016
Forced Criminality2010

Afao, Ghana, Togo, 2010

Togo TG

The Kadza Yeve shrine took in "yevesi" shrine servants, a form of ritual servitude. As Yeve, every part of the victim's life is strictly controlled by the shrine and there are substantial punishments for offenses. The priest freed the 55 shrine servants associated with the shrine on March 25, 2010, after becoming a Christian.

Needs a sourceArchive 2008–2016