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What happened
Following a 2023 crackdown on cyber scam compounds along the China-Myanmar border, an estimated 45,000 Chinese nationals suspected of involvement in forced scam operations were repatriated to China. Accused: Chinese and Myanmar-based cyber scam syndicates operating compounds in northern Shan state.
Response and intervention
Coordinated crackdown by Chinese authorities and Myanmar ethnic guerrilla groups. Compounds shut down; mass repatriation of suspected forced-labor scam workers. Repatriation coordinated between Chinese and Myanmar authorities.