Type of modern slavery
Bonded Labor
Also called debt bondage: a person is forced to work to repay a debt whose terms are manipulated so it can never be cleared.
SlaveryMap documents 56 cases of bonded labor.
Bangalore, India
In IJM Bangalore's largest-ever operation, 260 people were rescued in a single day from bonded labor slavery in brick factories, after families in Odisha reported 60 relatives missing to trafficking. Accused: Brick kiln owners exploiting bonded labor recruited from Odisha.
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Families trapped in bonded labor at brick kilns for generations. Children born into bondage working from age 5 Accused: Kiln owners holding hereditary debt claims.
Kathmandu, Nepal
Families bonded in brick kilns despite official abolition. Advance payments with compounding interest made debts impossible to repay Accused: Brick kiln owners in Kathmandu Valley.
Los Angeles, California, USA, United States
Maximino Morales, 46, and his wife, Melinda Morales, 48, formerly of Paso Robles, admitted harboring illegal aliens after they were smuggled into the United States and forcing them to work in sub-standard conditions at the couple’s elder care facilities. The Morales were each sentenced on February 13, 2012 to 18 months in federal prison. “The Filipino victims in this case were lured to the United States with false promises and were essentially performing slave labor,” said United States Attorney André Birotte Jr. The Morales, both natives of the Philippines, pleaded guilty last May to conspiracy to harbor illegal aliens. The Morales, who operated four elder care facilities under the umbrella of “Four M’s, Inc.,” admitted that they recruited Filipino nationals to come to the United States with promises of work as live-in caregivers. A co-conspirator in the Philippines helped the aliens obtain fraudulent visas that allowed them to travel to the United States. After they arrived, “some of the aliens worked alone in 24-hour shifts...as caregivers at one of the Four M’s elder care residential facilities for less than minimum wage,” according to plea agreements filed in this case. “All of the aliens lived in the care facilities, and some of the aliens slept in a closet, on a sofa, and in a walled-off portion of an unheated, attached garage.” The aliens’ pay was credited against the “debt” they purportedly owed, and the aliens were told that police or immigration authorities would be summoned if they attempted to leave.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, United States
Omelyan Botsvynyuk, 52, and Stepan Botsvynyuk, 36, were convicted October 12, 2011 of conspiracy to violate the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act in connection with a human trafficking scheme. Omelyan was also convicted of one count of extortion. From the fall of 2000 through the spring of 2007, the brothers conspired to engage in a pattern of racketeering activity by operating a human trafficking organization which smuggled young Ukrainian immigrants into the United States and then forced them to work for the brothers with little or no pay. The defendants promised the victims they would earn $500 per month with free room and board by working for the Botsvynyuk organization. Once the workers were smuggled into the United States, the brothers confiscated the immigration documents, then put the victims to work on cleaning crews in retail stores, private homes, and office buildings without paying them. The brothers used physical force, threats of force, sexual assault, and debt bondage to keep the victims in involuntary servitude. The brothers also threatened violence to the workers’ families who still residing in Ukraine. One female worker was brutally raped on several occasions by Omelyan. Prosecutors described the defendants as the "enforcers" of the enterprise in America, while brothers in the Ukraine served as recruiters. The recruiting was easy, given the lack of economic opportunity, they said. Omelyan Botsvynyuk was acquitted of similar charges at a trial in the Ukraine. The Botsvynyuks housed the victims in deplorable conditions and insisted they work for years until they pay off smuggling debts of $10,000 to $50,000, according to the indictment filed last year. The workers were moved frequently throughout the mid-Atlantic, where they said they often spent 16-hour days cleaning stores, offices and supermarkets. Some escaped despite the threats, prosecutors said. Authorities have said the retail stores were unaware of the situation, because they hired cleaning crews through contractors."I think every business should know who's working for them, but this is a common practice in all large businesses, they use subcontractors to hire workers," said Asst. U.S. Atty General Daniel A. Velez. Velez said he hoped the verdict would lead to more prosecutions of human-trafficking cases in the United States. The Botsvynyuk crews cleaned WalMart, Target, Kmart, Safeway, and other retail stores, along with homes and offices in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, New York and New Jersey. Juror Joe Higgins, a Teamsters Union trucker from Northeast Philadelphia, said: "They (stores) should check into what kind of contractors they're using to clean their stores. Do a little bit of digging, and make sure they're not using illegal aliens," said Higgins, 53. "Just because it's cheapest, it's not (always) right." The two defendants were indicted with three other brothers: Mykhaylo and Dmytro Botsvynyuk are awaiting extradition from Canada; Yaroslav Botsvynyuk is reportedly dead.
Mission, Kansas, USA, United States
This is an update to an earlier posting. See: http://www.slaverymap.org/index.html?show=986 On October 21, 2010, Defendant Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 31, pled guilty to charges for his role as the leader of a criminal enterprise that engaged in forced labor, fraud in foreign labor contracting, visa fraud, mail fraud, identity theft, tax evasion and money laundering. The c onviction was prosecuted under the statute prohibiting fraud in foreign labor contracting enacted as part of the Trafficking Victim’s Reauthorization Act of 2008. Askarkhodjaev pled guilty to four counts of the 143-count indictment, with prosecutors dismissing the other counts in exchange for his cooperation and a 10- to 12-year prison term. On or about October 28, 2010, co-Defendant Kristen Dougherty, 51, of Ellisville, was found guilty of all three counts contained in a Jan. 7, 2010, superseding indictment. Dougherty was convicted of racketeering, participating in a RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act conspiracy, and wire fraud. Dougherty, as vice president of sales and marketing for Giant Labor Solutions, LLC, was involved in the recruitment and exploitation of foreign national workers. Dougherty also controlled three businesses that were used to facilitate the scheme: Anchor Building Services; People, Inc.; and Hotel and Resort Services. These businesses employed illegal workers and were used to obtain additional illegal workers. Under federal statutes, Dougherty is subject to a sentence of up to 60 years in federal prison without parole, plus a fine up to $750,000. A sentencing hearing was scheduled for February 24, 2011. Previously, nine other co-defendants pled guilty in connection with the case. three remaining defendants are fugitives.
Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, United States
Huong Thi "Kelly" McReynolds, 58; Joseph Minh McReynolds, 36; Vincent Minh McReynolds, 32; and James Hartful McReynolds, 60, of Flagstaff, AZ were charged in a federal indictment July 21, 2011 with exploiting Vietnamese nationals for nearly a decade in an elaborate forced labor scheme at their I Do, I Do Wedding Shop in Flagstaff. According to the indictment, the McReynolds family brought the victims into the United States by offering them a better life, including assurances of marriage to U.S. citizens and educational opportunities. Shortly after the victims arrived, they discovered those were false promises. Instead, the victims were forced to work long hours in the McReynolds' home and business with little or no pay. "Huong Thi McReynolds and her family lured these victims to the United States on the promise of the American dream; what the victims got instead was indentured servitude," said U.S. Attorney Dennis K. Burke. "The defendants created a climate of fear inside their home and business by carrying firearms, berating the victims and threatening to physically harm them and shame their families in Vietnam. They weren't just exploited for their labor; they were robbed of their basic human dignity." "Through fraud and coercion, the McReynolds family engaged in modern-day slavery to support their business and live an easy life on the backs of these exploited victims," said Matt Allen, special agent in charge of ICE HSI in Arizona. "Working with our partners at the FBI and Department of Labor, HSI was able to document nearly a decade of abuse perpetrated by these defendants, who will now face justice for their actions." The indictment alleges that, beginning in September 2001, Huong McReynolds brought Vietnamese nationals to Flagstaff, where she and her family housed them and forced them to work seven days a week at the bridal shop. Until at least December 2008, Huong McReynolds and her two sons, Joseph and Vincent, compelled the victims to work long hours with little or no pay. Between September 2001 and December 2008, the Vietnamese workers cycled through the bridal shop, with their "employment" ending when they escaped or were "evicted." Members of the McReynolds family, including Huong, Joseph and James, each married Vietnamese victims. The victims believed they would be entering legitimate marriages with the McReynolds family members. Huong McReynolds shepherded the victims through the visa process and coached them for their interviews at the consulate. Once the victims were in the United States, Huong McReynolds confiscated their passports and identification, and informed them they would not only be working at her home, but also long hours in their bridal shop. Despite their marriages to the victims, Huong McReynolds and James McReynolds, who divorced in 1996, continued to live together as husband and wife. Both before and after Joseph McReynolds' marriage to one of the Vietnamese victims, he was living with a U.S. citizen with whom he fathered children, both before and during his fraudulent marriage.
East Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Yes, unknown how it happened; lawsuit was filed by victims against perpetrators. A Federal Judge in California refused to drop trafficking charges.
King Street Fredericton NB Canada, Canada
Local Restaraunt El Burrito Loco using guys from mexico and not paying them proper wages. http://dailygleaner.canadaeast.com/rss/article/1182324 for the story
Colorado Springs, United States
Mentor tried to enter the club "undercover" as a "client" but the owner of the club would not let her in to see the girl, because she knew she was her mentor.
Boulder CO, United States
Opas Sinprasong, was a citizen of Thailand and has been in the United States on a "non-immigrant principal investor" status since at least 1994. He was the owner of several Asian restaurants in Boulder, Louisville and Broomfield. He held Thai immigrants as slaves and forced them to work 32+ hours of overtime for no compensation. He held the immigrants through the use of bonded labor, by requiring them to pay-off exorbitant fees for bringing them into the country.
St. Charles, MO, United States
Andrew Cole, 55, admitted that he lied to workers he recruited in the Dominican Republic, telling them that their pay would be better than it turned out to be. He also acknowledged knowing that other members of the scheme would threaten those workers with deportation if they complained.Under federal statutes, Cole is subject to a sentence of up to 25 years in federal prison without parole, plus a fine up to $250,000 and an order of restitution. A sentencing hearing will be scheduled after the completion of a presentence investigation by the United States Probation Office. Ilkham Fazilov, 45, a citizen of Uzbekistan residing Kansas City, Missouri pleaded guilty to the racketeering conspiracy on Aug. 16, 2010. Fazilov was the nominee organizer of Five Star Cleaning, LLC, and Suncoast Hospitality, Inc., which were fictitious shell companies used to obtain work authorization for foreign nationals and to conceal the unlawful proceeds of the criminal enterprise. Fazilov handled the payroll for the foreign workers and executed fraudulent ETA-750 petitions, which falsely claimed an exaggerated need for workers. These workers were placed for employment outside the parameters of the petition in violation of federal law. Fazilov also opened bank accounts for these shell companies and wire transferred unlawful proceeds to facilitate enterprise activities. Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 30, a citizen of Uzbekistan, pleaded guilty to the racketeering conspiracy on March 16, 2010. Kakhkharov acted as head of Midwest Management, Inc., a nominee entity established as part of the criminal enterprise in order to launder the illegal proceeds of the enterprise and to avoid paying taxes. Kakhkharov admitted that he was responsible for laundering a total of $634,192 in unlawful proceeds between July and December 2007. Kakhkharov also admitted that he used apartments in the Kansas City, Missouri area to house illegal aliens between July 2007 and January 2008. Alexandru Frumusache, 25, a citizen of the Republic of Moldova residing in Kansas City, Kan., pleaded guilty on Oct. 7, 2009, to forced labor trafficking. Between September 2008 and the end of April 2009, Frumusache aided and abetted others in a scheme to cause foreign workers (including citizens from the Phillippines, Dominican Republic, and Jamaica) to believe that they would be deported, or their H2B work visas would be cancelled, or they or their families members would be penalized with a $5,000 to $10,000 fee, if the foreign workers failed or refused to work where and when they were ordered to work.Frumusache also admitted that he aided and abetted others in subjecting the foreign workers to terrible living conditions without food, furniture, or appropriate sleeping arrangements. They assigned more foreign workers than each living space allowed and the foreign workers were subjected to sleeping on the floor or mattresses. They utilized the housing arrangement as an additional way to profit off of the foreign workers by overcharging them in rent and automatically withdrawing the fees from the foreign workers’ pay checks. Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 50, a citizen of Uzbekistan residing in Panama City, Fla., pleaded guilty to misprision of a felony. Azizkhodjaev admitted that, while he was employed at Giant Labor Solutions between June 2006 and December 2007, his employer failed to withhold payroll taxes from Azizkhodjaev's salary, thus committing evasion of corporate employment tax. Azizkhodjaev concealed this offense by neglecting to file a tax return.
West Manchester Township, United States
The three face maximum sentences of five years in prison, a $250,000 fine and a maximum of three years supervised release. In addition, the three have agreed to pay $300,000 to the two women in back pay, the majority of the money coming from seizures of Lynda Phan and Nguyen's home, Nguyen's 2008 Toyota Highlander and money found in bank accounts, documents state.
Topeka, Kansas, United States
The case was brought to trial by the US Attorneys Office, under immigration laws rather than human trafficking laws. The US Attorneys Office reasoned that '"There's a variety of ways a case can be calculated", explaining a charge may be based on the probability of conviction"'. (CJOnline.com 6/27/09) Singh was arrested and sentenced on July 23, 2009, and is sentence is unknown.
Mission,Kansas, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, a citizen of Uzbekistan living ina suburb of Kansas City is the alleged ringleader of a group of twelve who ensnared hundreds of illegal immigrants into labor trafficking in hotels, construction sites and other businesses, many of them in Kansas City and Branson. The conspiracy involved fraudulent labor leasing contracts in Missouri, Kansas, Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New jersey, South Carolina and Wyoming. The criminal enterprise lured victims to the US under the guise of legitimate jobs and a better life, only to treat them as slaves under the threat of deportation. A US Attornet for Western Missouri said that the traffickers used false information to obtain false work visas for the foreign workers. Askarkhodjaev purportedly used Kansas City labor leasing company Giant Labor Solutions and other companies to obtain labor leasing contracts from clients in 14 states. Clients were told that all immigration and labor laws would be followed. The employees were alledgedly required to pay exorbitant rent to live in barely furnished apartments that "ensured the workers did not make enough money to repay their debt, buy a plane ticket home or pay their own living expenses in the US." The workers also had to pay for transportation to their jobs, uniform fees and other fees that often left them with paychecks that had negative earnings. They were threatened with physical harm, deportation or other legal problems if they did not comply. They also were not allowed to receive mail. Others indicted were: Nodir Yunuskov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurove, 21, Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, Alexandru Frumasache, 23, Viorel Simon, 27, Kristen Doughterty, 49, Andrew Cole, 53, Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, Sandjar Agzamov, 27 and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29.
Hanover, Germany, Germany
Police arrested two Chinese men and a woman in Hanover. The trio had founded a firm to orchestrate their smuggling activities, according to criminal investigations. The three Chinese held in custody - aged 46, 38 and 35 - are thought to be the chief operators in the trafficking ring. For years, the traffickers are said to have smuggled more than 1,000 Chinese into Germany and to have exploited them in abusive working conditions. Chinese emigrants paid 10,000 euros ($14,000) for a valid visa and work contract as so-called specialty cooks. But upon arrival in Germany they were forced to surrender their passports, essentially putting them in "debt servitude," Frank Federau,spokesman for the Hanover State Office of Criminal Investigation said. The immigrants were made to work as chefs for up to 80 or 90 hours a week, at an hourly wage of 3 euros ($4.23). Their lack of German language skills made it difficult for the immigrants to complain. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4580456,00.html
Murray Avenue, Squirel Hill, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
American Woman married to man from Thailand who own The Silk Elephant import workers from Thailand, keep them in a very small apartment above the restaurant (at least 12 total) and make them work long hours with little pay (paid under the table) in restaurant below. They are baited with the possiblity of green cards and kept as indentured slaves - owing the owner for rent, food, clothing, etc. Eventually they are sent back to Thailand - so said a former employee of the establishment. The same owners own another restaurant in the city with two floors above as well for their employees to live there.
Jamaica, New York, United States
Wun Hee Kang and Kyongja Kang, a married couple of South Korean origin who owned several nail salons on Long Island and a bar known as Renaissance in Queens, New York. In April 2003, Kyongja Kang traveled to South Korea to recruit young women to work at Renaissance. She allegedly promised them that they would be paid $40 per day, plus tips, and would not be required to have sexual relations with the customers while working at the bar. Two young women agreed to accompany Mrs. Kang back to New York, arriving on May 30, 2003. Upon arriving Mr. Kang met the cooperating witnesses when they arrived at John F. Kennedy International Airport and drove the young women to a house in Flushing, Queens, where they were thereafter required to live. Mr. Kang also forced the women to surrender their passports and their return airline tickets. The women began work at Renaissance the next day, working 6 1/2 hour shifts for six days per week. The women were informed that they each owed the Kangs approximately $20,000 for various travel-related expenses, and were forced to sign promissory notes in the amount of $20,000. They were not permitted to keep their wages or tips while working at Renaissance; all of their income was taken by the Kangs and credited toward their "debt." The women were not permitted to leave the house in which they were staying without the Kangs' permission and were forced to borrow money from the Kangs when they wished to make any purchases outside the bar, thereby increasing their indebtedness. In November 2005, Wun Hee Kang and Kyongja Kang pleaded guilty to the charges brought against them. Kyongja Kang was sentenced to just over 10 years in federal prison Friday for her role in a human trafficking operation. She was also ordered to pay the two victims a total of $90,000 in restitution. As part of her plea bargain, Kang and her spouse are surrendering interest in two homes in Port Jefferson and the Renaissance Bar, as well as nail salons in Selden and Westhampton. Kang is also forfeiting $15,000 in cash and more than $50,000 in jewelry. Wun Hee Kang's sentence is unknown due to his involvement with another case involving the trafficking ring. After he was arrested, Mr. Kang admitted that he sent, Nisim Yushuvayev, an I.N.S. employee, to the Queens apartment to get one of the South Korean woman to leave the country so that she could not testify against him.
Saint Paul Minnesota, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
New Orleans Louisiana, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Montgomery Alabama, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Boston Massachusetts, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Las Vegas Nevada, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Tallahasse Florida, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Phoenix Arizona, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Columbia South Carolina, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Trenton New Jersey, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Buena Vista, California, United States
A Mexican couple named Paula Luna Alvarez and Carlos Contreras Del Carmen, wealthy restaurant owners in San Jose, CA, allegedly brought in approximately 30 Mexicans over an undisclosed period of time. Mr. del Carmen recruited Mexicans, promising them $500/week to come and work in the United States, but when they arrived, they were forced to live in squalid conditions in the families' garage. They were forced to sell food on the street or work in the restaurants, and were ordered to avoid speaking to anyone and to avoid eye contact. The restaurants also have been a front for money laundering, with thousands of dollars passing through them to Mexico, though little of it ended up with the families of the victims.
Sacramento California, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
According to the Department of Justice, twelve defendants including eight Uzbekistan nationals have been charged in a 45-count indictment returned by a grand jury on May 6, 2009 using RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act). Charges include labor racketeering, forced labor trafficking and immigrations, and other violations in 14 states. Those charged include Abrorkhodja Askerkhedjaev, Nadir Yunusov, Rustamjon Shukurov, of Mission, KS; Ilkham Fazilov, Nodirbek Abdoollayev of Kansas City, Mo; Viorel Simon, Alexandru Frumasche both citizens of Moldova residing in Kansas City, KS; Kristin Dougherty of Ellisville, MO, Andrew Cole of St. Charles, MO, Abdukakhor Azizkhodjaev of Panama City, FL and Sandjar Agzamov and Jakjongir Kakhkarov who are citizens of Uzbekistan but are currently living abroad.
Douglas Wyoming, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States.
Kansas City/Branson, Missouri, United States
This is an alleged case of trafficking released on May 27, 2009. All parties are innocent until proven guilty. Twelve people — eight of them from Uzbekistan — are accused in a federal indictment of luring illegal immigrants to the U.S. to work as "modern-day slaves" in 14 states. The enterprise — based out of companies headquartered in Kansas City, Mission and Overland Park — allegedly employed hundreds of illegal aliens as construction workers and as cleaners and housekeepers at hotels, resorts and casinos in Missouri, Kansas, Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, South Carolina and Wyoming. Those named in the indictment: Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States. Three companies controlled by Askarkhodjaev also were charged: Giant Labor Solutions LLC, headquartered in Kansas City; Crystal Management Inc. in Mission; and Five Star Cleaning LLC in Overland Park.
Casper Wyoming, United States
Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev, 30, Nodir Yunusov, 22, Rustamjon Shukurov, 21, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Mission; Ilkham Fazilov, 44, Nodirbek Abdoollayev, 27, citizens of Uzbekistan living in Kansas City; Viorel Simon, 27, Alexandru Frumasache , 23, citizens of Moldova living in Kansas City, Kan.; Kristin Dougherty, 49, of Ellisville, Mo.; Andrew Cole, 53, of St. Charles, Mo.; Abdukakhar Azizkhodjaev, 49, a citizen of Uzbekistan living in Panama City, Fla.; and Sandjar Agzamov, 27, and Jakhongir Kakhkharov, 29, citizens of Uzbekistan who recently left the United States.
Lilburn, Georgia, United States
Shirke is one of six entertainers that were allegedly recruited from India with promises of profits - tips - from their dancing at the bar and restaurant, only to be paid slave wages and have every movement carefully guarded once they arrived in Georgia on Nov. 20. Shirke is worried the arrest of her bosses will shame her parents and brother in Mumbai, India, even though she and the other dancers didn’t participate in prostitution or stripping. The two male performers played in a band while the six women performed traditional folk and Bollywood-style dancing between eight and 14 hours a day, seven days a week at Mehfil Bar, Grill & Entertainment at 1200 Rockbridge Road near Norcross. The doors to the five-bedroom house where the entertainers lived in Lilburn were always dead-bolted from the inside by guards who stayed in the sparsely furnished house with them, Shirke said. She said the girls, who did not have the key to the door, were not permitted to go anywhere without an escort. The eight performers had signed a contract before they left India, stating they would surrender their passports and be confined to their home when they weren’t working, Shirke said. “They said it was for our safety, and we believed them,” Shirke For now, the performers are still staying in the house without keepers and planning to return to India when their visas expire in April.
Dublin, Ohio, United States
The trafficker, Maria Terechina, is a 47 year old U.S. citizen who immigrated from the Russian federation. She was described by her lawyers as a “Russian grandmother.” The trafficker worked with co-conspirators who have pleaded guilty to charges of harboring immigrants illegally. The trafficker helped trick hundreds of Eastern European (from Russia, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, and other Eastern European countries) women into taking jobs working for hotels in Ohio. She would take the passports and other immigration documents of the women and control their movements. The trafficker would tell the women that they owed debts between $600-$1000 which were taken from their wages and added to the debts by requiring the women to pay for transportation and housing expenses.
Manhattan, New York, United States
Simon Nget a.k.a. Chang S. Nget, 45, is a self-made Chinese entrepreneur from Cambodia. Mr. Nget and his wife, Michelle Lu Nget a.k.a. Pei Ying Nget, 51, were accused of over 240 criminal charges based on their business practices at the Saigon Grill restaurants in Manhattan, located at 620 Amsterdam Avenue on the Upper West Side and 91 University Place in Greenwich Village, and formerly located at 1700 Second Avenue on the Upper East Side. The couple has owned and operated the popular restaurants since 1996. Wage theft violations included the following: • Paying delivery workers $2 an hour - well under the minimum wage of $7.15. • Demanding that employees cash their paychecks and then return significant portions of the money to Nget in cash. • Fining employees for failing to put orders into the system computer. • Firing workers who picketed the restaurant for unfair practices
York, Pennsylvania, United States
Federal investigators have charged three people in a case of forced labor trafficking in York County that has been going on for eight years. Lynda Phan, of New Cumberland, went to Vietnam and recruited two women to work in her two nail salons in the York area, U.S. Attorney Martin Carlson said. Phan arranged fake marriages to Duc Cao Nguyen, of New Cumberland, and Justin Phan, of Tennessee, so the women could get into the United States, Carlson said. The women were then forced to work without pay at the nail salons.
Allegany, NY, United States
The federal government. The rescued victims did not have any resources to rebuild their lives, so St. Bonaventure University raised some money to give them a jump start.
Brooklyn, NY, United States
Lev Trakhtenberg and two associates recruited Russian women to come to the US with the promise of legitimate jobs performing cultural dance shows, good pay, and housing accomnnodations. After arriving, the victims were forced to work in strip clubs and threatened physically and emotionally if they did not do as they were told. After one of the victims escaped, Trakhtenberg threatened to physically harm her family in Russia if they did not pay the money he claimed she owed. Between summer of 1999 and August, 2002 Trakhtenberg and his associates brought more than 25 victims to the US to work in his clubs. Victims worked dancing nude in clubs six days a week, for eight to ten hours a day. They were forced to pay $1,200 to Trakhtenberg. They had their passports and travel documents taken
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Antonio (Tony) DiBenedetto, the owner of Rocco's Bakery, his wife, Anna and their two sons, Ferdinando and Giovanni are being sued for allegedly trafficking a family from Ecuador to work in their bakery. The family says Tony DiBenedetto beckoned them to the U.S. with the promise of labor, then kept them under a form of modern slavery, forcing them to work long hours below minimum wage and demanding sexual favors from the women in exchange for rent money.
Portland, OR, United States
Filed Oct. 8, Sarinya Reabroy’s lawsuit alleges that after persuading her in 2003 to sign a contract and move to Portland to be a line cook, Typhoon Inc., forced her to work 55 to 70 hours per week under unfair and unsafe conditions while facing “intimidation, coercion and harassment” – including the threat that she would be sent back to Thailand if she complained. In the lawsuit, Reabroy includes a contract she signed. It shows that if employees quit or are fired, they are required to reimburse the company for its recruiting and travel expenses. However, the lawsuit claims that the restaurant often used the contract to threaten and intimidate Thai kitchen workers with deportation and jail, leading them to accept improper conditions including working six days a week without legally required breaks, and verbal abuse by managers as well as groping and fondling by co-workers. The claims included that Typhoon managers confiscated workers’ passports for extended periods of time, and encouraged employees to spy on each other. Under her original contract, Reabroy was to be paid $1,500 a month, or $18,000 a year.
Mission, Texas, United States
Juan and Judith Ramos trafficked two women across the U.S.-Mexico border, promising them good jobs. After arrival, the victims were put to work in the couple's Adult Daycare center, and occasionally in their home. In total, the victims worked 1,300 hours without pay before they escaped. They were also harassed and threatened by the couple. The victims were told if they did not cooperate, they would be deported.
Long Beach, CA, United States
Evelyn Pelayo recruited workers in the Philippines, promising them legitimate work at her Long Beach nursing homes (located on East Vernon and East Walton streets). Deafeliz, who teaches taekwondo, listed the recruited workers as students who were visiting the United States for martial arts competitions, and taught them enough taekwondo moves to fool immigration officials. Upon arrival, workers were forced to work at Pelayo's facilities, and their passports were taken by the traffickers, who also threatened arrest, deportation, and theft charges if workers tried to run away. Workers were told not to interact with families of the elderly, and to lie about working conditions and hours if they were questioned by local/state inspectors.
oacoma, south dakota, United States
Over the course of five days, the jury heard evidence from four victims and several other former employees who worked at the Farrell's hotel. The witnesses testified that they were brought into the United States from the Philippines to work under an agreement that promised the Farrells would pay them more than minimum wage for 40 hours of work per week. The victims hoped to earn money to send to their families in the Philippines. According to trial testimony, once the victims arrived in South Dakota, the Farrells confiscated their visas and passports, made them sign inflated and ever-increasing debt contracts, and held them to work around the clock. Witnesses described working from early morning until midnight, then being forced to attend meetings at the hotel during which the Farrells threatened the victims with violence and berated them about their debts and the quality of their work. These late night meetings sometimes lasted as long as six hours. One worker testified that she went without sleep for three days in a row. A U.S. Department of Labor investigator told the jury that he discovered records that indicated one Filipino worker worked as many as 160 hours in a week at the hotel. When not at the hotel, as many as nine Filipino workers were housed in a nearby two-bedroom apartment rented by the Farrells. According to testimony, the Farrells paid the victims almost nothing. To make payroll records look legitimate, the Farrells handed workers paychecks for them to endorse but immediately took the checks back and deposited them into their own hotel bank account.
Crescent Springs, KY, United States
Yes, federal state and local authorities conducted an investigation into possible labor and trafficking charges at a Chinese restaurant. As a result following the raid the restaurant was closed and authorities have declined to release any other information.
East Orange, New Jersey (and Newark), United States
Lassissi Afolabi, 45, Akouavi Kpade 40, and Dereck Hounakey, 31, are Tongolese Nationals who are being charged with trafficking approximately girls and women from Togo to work in their hair salon in New Jersey. The girls posed as relatives of visa lottery winners in Togo. The traffickers made their victims work six to seven day a week, up to 14 hours a day, braiding hair. The girls were beaten repeatedly and if they complained, the traffickers threatened to send them back to Togo. The traffickers lured the young women with the promise of well paying jobs in America.
Tokyo, Japan, Japan
Takashi Mori, 58, Koji Akagawa, 48, and two accomplices from Osaka sent false documents to the Japanese consulate in Khabarovsk, in Russia's Far East, with a request that visas be issued to a group of specialists for a period of training at one of the city's professional schools. A group of young Russian women entered Japan shortly after April 7. Investigation established that this and other groups, totaling 40 women, rather than taking courses were employed as hostesses at local restaurants and nightclubs.
Frosty Treats Ice Cream Trucks, 620 E. Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, United States
David L. Carslake 55, david H. Mackintosh 45, Jeffrey S. Guinn 45, of Kansas City and Evgney Sergeyevich Filimonov 20, Vadim Aleksandvovich-Tokarev 21 of Russia. Recruited 8 Russian students from Voronozh to work in US under student work program. Each student borrowed $2,500 from their parents to make the trip. The students thought they had signed up for a student work program where they could earn $10,000 over the summer, instead forced to work 13 hour days at 87 cents an hour. All 8 shared two, one-bedroom apartments with a television and a mattress. Traffickers cut the students off from telephone and internet. The students' activities were monitored by the traffickers using GPS systems. A maintenance worker at Northland apartments worked with managers of Frosty Treats ice cream truck company and two Russian nationals.
Fuji Restaurant, Oxford, Al., United States
The family that owns this restaurant also owns one in Jacksonville, AL. They own a house near the Oxford restaurant where they keep Mexicans in poor conditions in the basement, and do not allow them to become friendly with any Americans that work at the restaurant. Their wages are strictly controlled, and they work seven days a week. If any repairs are needed in the kitchen, they wait until an item breaks, then withhold earnings until it is repaired. There is no transportation to anywhere but work, and the conditions at the house are primitive at best. Personal items are discouraged by the lack of security, no doorknobs, appliances, beds, etc. The Asian workers, who have cars and freedom, live in the upstairs portion of the house
Parkland, Washington, United States
JIAN ZHONG TANG, 37, used employment agencies in New York, Chicago, and California to find and employ workers for his restaurant, the New Great Wall in Tacoma, WA. The workers never filled out any paperwork related to their employment, never provided any proof of their status in the U.S. and were paid in cash. TANG admitted he knew some of the workers were not legally in the United States. TANG was sentenced to ten months in prison and three years of supervised release for Concealing and Harboring an Illegal Alien.
Fircrest, Washington, United States
ICE agents were led to her home by a package from China that was intercepted by Customs agents in San Francisco. Inside they found a phoney Chinese Passport had been hidden in a space hollowed out of a magazine. The package was destined for a woman at SHU’s University Place home. When agents arrived at the home they found a dozen people living there, many of whom worked at SHU’s Tacoma restaurant, the Rainbow Buffet. Eight of the individuals did not have legal status to remain in the United States. Interviews of these undocumented workers also disclosed that they either had not been paid for their work, or were being paid extremely low wages.
Dallas, Texas, United States
Sung Bum Chang, owner of the Dallas club “Club Wa,” help club workers in conditions of forced labor at the karaoke club located on Walnut Hill Lane (Dallas) from December 2004 to April 26, 2005. Chang used a network that recruited women from South Korea to come to the U.S. with the promise of good jobs. Chang paid the victims’ smuggling fees, and confiscated their passports, telling them they could not leave until they had returned the money they owed him. They victims were held in the top floor of Chang’s home, and kept under constant surveillance and guard. The women would also be fined if they violated Chang’s “rules.” The victims worked as hostess in Club Wa, sitting with and entertaining customers, and encouraging them to buy more alcohol. Chang kept records of their earnings, and adjusted their debt accordingly, also including the price of their rent and food.
Denver, Colorado, United States
Young Jo Kwon and his wife Jessie, owners of Osaka Sushi in Denver, Colorado were accused of forcing two South Korean immigrants to work without pay. They have also been linked to the Korean mafia. The two withheld payment from the workers and threatened to get rid of their greencards and have them deported if they tried to escape.
Gresham, Oregon, United States
In a federal lawsuit, Typhoon! was alleged to have illegally classified the couple as exempt from overtime laws; worked them an average of 10 hours a day, six days a week, without overtime pay, for more than four years; made them perform the Klines' household chores and errands; and threatened to have them deported if they left their jobs. Once the two cooks quit Typhoon!, Steve Kline notified U.S. immigration authorities that the two chefs were no longer in compliance with the terms of their employment visas--called "E-2" visas--granted by the INS. Two weeks after quitting Typhoon!, the two chefs were arrested by the U.S. Immigration & Naturalization Service at Portland International Airport, where they had taken their baby in order to send him back to Thailand. The two chefs were held in the INS lockup from Dec. 12 to 16.
California, Long Beach 90801, United States
Trans Bay Steel Corporation (Napa County California) received a large sub-contract to provide services to retrofit the Bay Bridge and became the sponsoring employer for the workers. Trans Bay contracted with Kota Manpower Co., and Hi Cap Enterprises, Inc., to bring 48 skilled welders from Thailand using H-2B seasonal working visas to meet the needs of the project. While Kota and Hi-Cap brought over approximately 48 welders from Thailand, only nine of them went to work for Trans Bay. The remaining welders were brought to Los Angeles and Long Beach and forced to work without pay at Thai Restaurants owned by Kota Manpower and Hi-Cap; all 48 were not paid for their work. . Additionally, some workers were confined to cramped apartments without any electricity, water, or gas.
California, San Francisco 94118, United States
Trans Bay Steel Corporation (Napa County California) received a large sub-contract to provide services to retrofit the Bay Bridge and became the sponsoring employer for the workers. Trans Bay contracted with Kota Manpower Co., and Hi Cap Enterprises, Inc., to bring 48 skilled welders from Thailand using H-2B seasonal working visas to meet the needs of the project. While Kota and Hi-Cap brought over approximately 48 welders from Thailand, only nine of them went to work for Trans Bay. The remaining welders were brought to Los Angeles and Long Beach and forced to work without pay at Thai Restaurants owned by Kota Manpower and Hi-Cap; all 48 were not paid for their work. . Additionally, some workers were confined to cramped apartments without any electricity, water, or gas.